{"id":10202,"date":"2025-04-07T23:58:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T23:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edumarkng.com\/news\/reformer-at-the-crossroads-prof-humphrey-nwosu-and-nigerias-democratic-journey-1-by-jideofor-adibe\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T23:58:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T23:58:00","slug":"reformer-at-the-crossroads-prof-humphrey-nwosu-and-nigerias-democratic-journey-1-by-jideofor-adibe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edumarkng.com\/news\/reformer-at-the-crossroads-prof-humphrey-nwosu-and-nigerias-democratic-journey-1-by-jideofor-adibe\/","title":{"rendered":"Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Reformer<\/div>

Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe, <\/p>\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

When I was admitted to the\u00a0Department of Political Science in 1980 as a freshman, straight from secondary school, Professor Humphrey Nwosu was one of the lecturers we encountered. He was the Head of the Sub-department of Public Administration which owned the Local Government building that housed the Department of Political Science.<\/p>\n

Though he was an energetic and ebullient man, he wasn\u2019t exactly very popular with us for two main reasons: One, is that he normally fixed his lectures at 7am, and he never failed to show up for classes. He would in fact often be in the class before that 7am, which led to some of\u00a0 us gossiping behind his back about a man who preferred to come jumping up and down in the class at a time in the morning that he should be keeping his wife company. <\/p>\n

The second reason Professor Nwosu wasn\u2019t quite popular with us was that Nigerian universities in the 1980s and early 1990s were very ideologically driven, essentially between the Marxists (also called the \u2018radical scholars\u2019) and those that were variously called \u2018bourgeois scholars\u2019 or derided as the \u201ceducated representatives of the propertied class\u201d. Unfortunately Professor Nwosu was among those we called \u201cbourgeois scholars\u201d. <\/p>\n

We were told that the bourgeois scholars\u00a0 were not able to appreciate the \u201cdialectics of class struggle\u201d, that their works were very \u201cahistorical\u201d, with a \u201ctendency to be arbitrary in their choice of analytical categories\u201d, and that they\u00a0 failed to appreciate that the nature of the \u201cproductive force\u201d and \u201csocial relations of production\u201d were the motif forces of history. Though we knew that Professor Nwosu made first class honours, however, because we saw him as a \u201cbourgeois scholar\u201d, we ridiculed that accomplishment as being merely a First Class Honours in \u2018Elements of Government\u2019, not the sort of proper political science that the \u2018radical scholars\u2019 were teaching us.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Professor Nwosu, on his own, blamed the \u2018radical scholars\u2019, the \u201cNnoli boys\u201d, of exposing students to only one side of a complex reality. Though we regarded Prof Nwosu as a \u2018bourgeois scholar\u2019 we respected him because of the sheer force of his presence, or charisma if you like \u2013 unlike most of the other lecturers we regarded as \u2018bourgeois scholars\u2019.<\/p>\n

I recall an incident with one of the \u2018bourgeois scholars\u2019. He was teaching us something about \u201ccolonialism\u201d which was at that time the favourite whipping boy of the radical scholars who made it compulsory that we should read and master such works as Walter Rodney\u2019s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Okwudiba Nnoli\u2019s Ethnic Politics in Nigeria, and Frantz Fanon\u2019s The Wretched of the Earth. In fact, from Nnoli\u2019s book we learnt that ethnicity in Nigeria started in the colonial urban centres and was fuelled by the colonial policy of \u2018divide and rule\u2019. Rodney\u2019s book squarely blamed colonialism for Africa\u2019s underdevelopment, while Fanon\u2019s book provided a psychoanalysis of the dehumanising effects of colonisation upon the individual and the nation.<\/p>\n

With our understanding of colonialism from these three books and similar ones, I think we were tolerating the \u2018bourgeois scholar\u2019,\u00a0 until he wrote on the black board: \u201cThe benefits of colonialism\u201d. We felt we have heard enough.\u00a0 One of us from the back of the class shouted: \u201cWhaat?\u201d In anger, the entire\u00a0 class walked out on him, believing that he did not know enough to teach us, or was teaching us the wrong stuff,\u00a0 despite the fact\u00a0 that we were just in our first year, or \u2018Class 1\u2019 as some of us liked to call it in those days.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Though we regarded Professor Nwosu as a \u201cbourgeois scholar\u201d, we also respected him as an effective administrator. In fact, behind the backs of the radical scholars, we mocked their relative lack of administrative capacity compared to Professor Nwosu. Professor Nnoli, leader of the radical scholars, was the Head of Department of Political Science in our first year in the Department.<\/p>\n

Professor Nwosu \u2013 a brief biography<\/strong><\/p>\n

Humphrey Nwosu is an astute and charismatic public administrator, academic, technocrat, and political scientist. He studied political science at the University of California at Berkeley where he earned Master\u2019s and doctoral degrees in political science ((Magna Cum Laude) in 1973 and 1976 respectively. He subsequently returned to teach at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka where he rose to become a full-time tenured professor. In 1986, he was appointed by the Anambra State Government to serve as Commissioner of Local Government and Chieftaincy Matters and later Commissioner of Agriculture. He was appointed Chairman of the Nigeria Electoral Commission in 1989, to replace Professor Eme Awa, his former lecturer and mentor, who had fallen out of favour with the Babangida government.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

When Prof. Nwosu left office in 1993 after the annulment of June 12 presidential election, he returned to teaching at the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka where he formally retired in 1999. Professor Nwosu has published several books and peer-reviewed articles in both local and international journals. His books include\u00a0 Political Authority and Nigerian Civil Service (1977); Problems of Nigerian Administration(edited, 1985);\u00a0 A Book of Reading; Introduction to Politics; Moral Education in Nigeria; Conduct of Free and Fair Election in Nigeria: Speeches, Comments and Reflections (1991) and\u00a0 Laying the Foundation for Nigeria\u2019s Democracy: My Account of June 12, 1993 Presidential Election and its Annulment (2008).\u00a0 Professor Humphrey Nwosu, breathed his last on Thursday, October 24, in the United States of America, at the age of 83<\/p>\n

What does it mean to be a reformer at the crossroads?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A reformer is a change agent who is deliberate and intentional about improving the way things work.\u00a0 As an expression, the imagery often invoked is that of an intersection of two roads in which a person has to make a decision on which of the roads to take. Essentially it means being at a stage when one has to take a critical or an important decision.<\/p>\n

The above raises two important questions:\u00a0 which reforms are we talking about in relations to Professor Nwosu? And at which crossroads?<\/p>\n

Though it is obvious that Professor Nwosu, given the number of public positions he had held would have been at several crossroads, for most Nigerians, he is known for his role as the Chairman of the National Election Commissions from 1989-1993. So which crossroads are we talking about?<\/p>\n

Professor Nwosu\u2019s crossroads<\/p>\n

Professor Nwosu\u2019s challenge was not just helping to manage a transition to a full civilian rule\u00a0 but also to\u00a0 facilitate the process of de-militarisation \u2013\u00a0 that is the military handing over power to civilian authorities and accepting subordination to a civilian authority. This means that unlike the electoral bodies since 1999 which dealt with only with the political class and their mode of competition for power, Professor Nwosu had to deal with two humongous groups \u2013 the political class and the military establishment, including a faction of that establishment which did not want to lose their privileges by accepting a handover to a civilian political class.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

The job of being the country\u2019s chief electoral umpire is often called a poisoned chalice, in which rarely any umpire would come out of it with his reputation being intact (Professor Jega who organised the 2015 election was mostly lucky that Jonathan conceded defeat). If just dealing with the political class makes the job of the chief electoral umpire to be a poisoned chalice, you can then imagine what it means to be an electoral umpire for both the political class and a politicised military.<\/p>\n

De-militarisation would often raise the question of de-politicisation. How do you professionalise soldiers who had become used to political power and its appurtenances and to being superordinate to civilian authorities? As Elaigwu (2015:232) argued: \u201cThe demilitarization of the polity without adequate de-politicisation of the military is an invitation to chaos; yet paradoxically, that process of de-politicisation of the military involves the politicization of the military\u201d. <\/p>\n

Essentially Babangida\u2019s transition programme, in which at a point the country was running a diarchy, meant that the military as an establishment had become more politically conscious and was factionalised between those who wanted a handover to a civilian government and those who resented such. In fact, Babangida, in his recent autobiography admitted that much when he declared that \u201cthere were fears, even at that early stage of the transition programme, that some members of the top hierarchy of the military were reluctant to relinquish power\u201d (Babangida, 2025: 258).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

*The paper was originally presented at a Colloquium on the Life and Times of Professor Humphrey Nwosu at Abuja on March 25 2025.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

*Jideofor Adibe is Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Nasarawa State University and founder of Adonis & Abbey Publishers (www.adonis-abbey.com<\/a>). He can be reached at: 0705 807 8841 (WhatsApp and Text messages only).<\/em><\/p>\n

The post Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe<\/a> appeared first on Vanguard News<\/a>.<\/p>\n

, <\/p>\n

Introduction When I was admitted to the\u00a0Department of Political Science in 1980 as a freshman, straight from secondary school, Professor Humphrey Nwosu was one of the lecturers we encountered. He was the Head of the Sub-department of Public Administration which owned the Local Government building that housed the Department of Political Science. Though he was [\u2026]<\/p>\n

The post Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe<\/a> appeared first on Vanguard News<\/a>.<\/p>\n

, , Emmanuel Okogba, {authorlink},, , Vanguard News, April 7, 2025, 11:58 pm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe, Introduction When I was admitted to the\u00a0Department of Political Science in 1980 as a freshman, straight from secondary school, Professor Humphrey Nwosu was one of the lecturers we encountered. He was the Head of the Sub-department of Public Administration which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10203,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.vanguardngr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jideofor-adibe.jpeg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[713,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-columns","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nReformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe - EduNews<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edumarkng.com\/news\/reformer-at-the-crossroads-prof-humphrey-nwosu-and-nigerias-democratic-journey-1-by-jideofor-adibe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe - EduNews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reformer at the crossroads: Prof Humphrey Nwosu and Nigeria\u2019s democratic journey (1), by Jideofor Adibe, Introduction When I was admitted to the\u00a0Department of Political Science in 1980 as a freshman, straight from secondary school, Professor Humphrey Nwosu was one of the lecturers we encountered. 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