{"id":16233,"date":"2026-01-01T23:57:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T23:57:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edumarkng.com\/news\/how-failures-in-payment-pillars-infrastructure-lock-out-people-with-disabilities\/"},"modified":"2026-01-01T23:57:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T23:57:55","slug":"how-failures-in-payment-pillars-infrastructure-lock-out-people-with-disabilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edumarkng.com\/news\/how-failures-in-payment-pillars-infrastructure-lock-out-people-with-disabilities\/","title":{"rendered":"How failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"How<\/div>

How failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities, <\/p>\n

As Nigeria races towards a cashless economy, anchored on payment systems such as mobile money, banking applications, unstructured supplementary service data, USSD, codes and ATMs, a central pillar of its Digital Public Infrastructure, DPI, Nigerians living with disability, especially those who, are visually impaired are being left behind.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

By Juliet Umeh<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE night Patience Freedom was stranded still lingers vividly in her memory. She had lost network connection on her phone, she could not transfer money. Worse still, she didn\u2019t have automated teller machine, ATM, card.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bank refused to issue me one simply because I am blind,\u201d she told Vanguard.<\/p>\n

\u201cI could not get home. That night, I realised how dangerous exclusion can be,\u201d she recalled.<\/p>\n

For Freedom, a visually impaired content creator and disability rights advocate, Nigeria\u2019s push towards a cashless economy is not an abstract policy goal discussed in conference rooms. It is a lived experience, one defined by fear, humiliation and forced dependence.<\/p>\n

Nigeria\u2019s cashless economy is anchored on payment systems such as mobile money, banking applications, unstructured supplementary service data, USSD, codes and ATMs, a central pillar of its Digital Public Infrastructure, DPI.<\/p>\n

DPI promises efficiency, security and financial inclusion, but for persons living with disabilities, the payment layer often delivers the opposite: mobile banking apps that do not support screen readers, USSD channels that time out before transactions can be completed, and ATMs without tactile keys or audio guidance.<\/p>\n

For Freedom and many others, the system does not merely inconvenience them, it excludes.<\/p>\n

\u201cSome banks refuse to give us ATM cards,\u201d she said. \u201cThey tell us, \u2018Come to the bank whenever you want your money.\u2019 But who will help us fill the teller? People we don\u2019t know. People we don\u2019t trust.\u201d<\/p>\n

She paused before adding quietly: \u201cOur PINs, our signatures, our personal details\u2014everything is at risk.\u201d<\/p>\n

At the heart of the problem, she said, is a failure of logic and design.
\u201cWhy should blindness decide access to my own money?\u201d she asked pointedly.<\/p>\n

\u201cSometimes, you go through all the stress of opening an account, only for them to tell you at the end, \u2018Sorry, we cannot give you an ATM card. It has been stamped from headquarters,\u2019\u201d she said. \u201cNobody explains why.\u201d<\/p>\n

Freedom struggles to understand the rationale.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf I come to the bank, it is still another person that will fill the form for me,\u201d she explained. \u201cSo, what is the difference between that and giving me an ATM card? The best solution is simple, make it accessible.\u201d<\/p>\n

In emergencies, the emotional toll is even heavier.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat if my phone is off? What if I don\u2019t have mobile data?\u201d she asked. \u201cWhy should my blindness determine whether I can access my own money?\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond ATMs: when basic banking becomes a barrier<\/h3>\n

Even beyond cash withdrawals, everyday banking procedures remain hostile to visually impaired customers. While some banks insist on handwritten signatures, many visually impaired customers rely on fingerprints.<\/p>\n

\u201cHow do I sign what I cannot see?\u201d Freedom asked. \u201cSome banks don\u2019t even understand that this is our reality.\u201d<\/p>\n

For Michael Ogunkanmi, a visually impaired music graduate, walking into a bank is often a test of dignity.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are banks that told me they cannot give me an ATM card because of my condition,\u201d he said. \u201cThey said I might misplace it or someone else would use it,\u201d<\/p>\n

Ogunkanmi recalled entering a bank where he was told that his blindness automatically disqualified him.
\u201cI asked them, \u2018Is it because I cannot operate the ATM?\u2019 They said no that I could lose the card.\u201d<\/p>\n

To challenge the assumption, he pulled out an ATM card from another bank.<\/p>\n

\u201cI showed them my Zenith ATM card and told them to take me to their machine,\u201d he said. \u201cI said, \u2018I will operate it myself.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

He did, successfully. Yet the bank still refused to issue him a card.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter everything, they still said no,\u201d Ogunkanmi said. \u201cI withdrew the little money I had and left.\u201d
Today, he banks with only two institutions willing to issue him ATM cards.<\/p>\n

\u201cOthers have shut their doors against me,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Mobile banking apps, a backbone of the digital payment infrastructure, designed to replace physical visits, have offered little relief.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I went to open a banking app, they told me I cannot operate it,\u201d Ogunkanmi said. \u201cI showed them my phone and explained that it talks and directs me.\u201d<\/p>\n

His smartphone uses screen-reading technology that audibly guides users\u2014a global accessibility standard. But he said bank officials dismissed his explanation.<\/p>\n

\u201cI went to the manager,\u201d he said. \u201cHe still said no.\u201d<\/p>\n

It was only after Ogunkanmi threatened to report the incident that a staff member was instructed to assist him.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I operated the app by myself, they were surprised,\u201d he said. \u201cThat is how they treat us.\u201d<\/p>\n

Digital convenience, analogue exclusion<\/h3>\n

Nigeria\u2019s cashless policy relies heavily on USSD and mobile banking to deepen financial inclusion, yet these tools are often inaccessible to visually impaired users.<\/p>\n

Vice Chairman of the Association for the Blind in Nigeria, Mr. Adeola Aina, describing the frustration, said, \u201cFor us, USSD banking is extremely difficult. The time limits are short, and most tokens are not speech-enabled.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to him, visually impaired users are often forced to pay for alternative token services, yet even these do not guarantee independence.<\/p>\n

\u201cInternet banking is a nightmare.\u201d Aina said, \u201cA few banks have apps that are somewhat accessible, but it is more by chance than by design.\u201d<\/p>\n

He disclosed that a survey conducted by the Association for the Blind in Nigeria across 10 banks revealed that most mobile banking apps are largely unusable for PWDs.<\/p>\n

\u201cButtons lack labels, accessibility features are incompatible, and facial recognition further excludes visually impaired users,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

The exclusion, he said stressed, cuts across disability types.<\/p>\n

\u201cPersons with albinism struggle with poor colour contrast. Wheelchair users face physical barriers,\u201d Aina said. \u201cThe system excludes at every level.\u201d<\/p>\n

Freedom believes the problem is not a lack of solutions, but a lack of will.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn other countries, ATMs talk, apps are accessible, and banks have trained officers,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

\u201cHere, even when a bank official calls me, the first thing I think is scam, because the system has failed us before.\u201d<\/p>\n

Accessibility is not charity<\/h3>\n

For Freedom, advocacy is about safeguarding both the present and the future.
\u201cPeople become blind every day,\u201d she said. \u201cDisability can happen to anyone.\u201d<\/p>\n

Her message to banks, fintech and regulators is unambiguous.<\/p>\n

\u201cAccessibility is not charity,\u201d she said. \u201cWe should not be forced to bend ourselves to fit into a system that excludes us. We are part of this society. We deserve access, dignity and independence.\u201d<\/p>\n

As Nigeria pushes deeper into reliance on digital payments as a public utility, her story raises a critical question: if payment infrastructure is the gateway to economic participation in the future, who exactly is being locked out and why?<\/p>\n

Calls for inclusive payment design, enforcement grow louder<\/h3>\n

Disability advocates and policy experts warn that Nigeria\u2019s cashless drive risks deepening inequality unless accessibility is deliberately built into financial systems.<\/p>\n

Executive Director of the Consumer Advocacy and Empowerment Foundation, CADEF, Prof. Chiso Ndukwe-Okafor, said digital financial services must be urgently redesigned to prevent further marginalisation of persons with disabilities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is critical to preventing further marginalisation in the digital age,\u201d she said while speaking at CADEF digital financial literacy workshop in Lagos which saw capacity building for over 80 PWDs.<\/p>\n

She said inclusion must go beyond rhetoric, while adding that strong public-private partnerships are essential for sustainable change.<\/p>\n

Similarly, Chairman of Theseabilities Foundation, Pastor Ituah Ighodalo, described the exclusion of PWDs from Nigeria\u2019s digital and physical infrastructure as systemic and avoidable.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople living with disabilities, especially the visually impaired, find it extremely difficult to access banking apps and other digital services,\u201d he told Vanguard. \u201cThese are not privileges; they are rights.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to him, many components of Nigeria\u2019s Digital Public Infrastructure were built without accessibility in mind.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is why Theseabilities Foundation exists, to advocate for everybody,\u201d Iguodala said. \u201cWe want inclusivity in everything.\u201d<\/p>\n

He called on policymakers, banks, fintech and regulators to intentionally design systems that work for everyone.<\/p>\n

\u201cMake a way, somehow or the other, for everybody who has a disability,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

To drive accountability, he disclosed plans to develop a comprehensive accessibility directory outlining minimum requirements institutions must meet, Ighodalo said:<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is nothing new; it has been done elsewhere. Everybody- the blind, the deaf, wheelchair users, people with albinism- should be able to navigate their way independently,\u201d Igodalo explained.<\/p>\n

He also stressed the need for enforcement of existing disability laws, particularly in Lagos State.
\u201cThe law has been passed and enacted, but implementation is the issue,\u201d he said. \u201cWhere there is no compliance, there must be consequences.\u201d<\/p>\n

Laws without access<\/h3>\n

Nigeria enacted the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act in 2018 to guarantee accessibility and protect PWDs from discrimination. Yet, advocates say enforcement remains weak.<\/p>\n

Chairman of the Nigerian Association for the Blind, Mr. Lukman Salami, said legal protections mean little when banking systems remain inaccessible.<\/p>\n

Speaking at the CADEF workshop, he said: \u201cThe law prescribes fines for discrimination. But the real problem is persistent inaccessibility.\u201d<\/p>\n

He cited a case in which a woman with a disability sued a bank for maltreatment.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Federal High Court in Lagos dismissed the case on technical grounds,\u201d Salami said. \u201cThis is how legal protections without practical implementation continue to reinforce marginalisation.\u201d<\/p>\n

Scale of exclusion<\/h3>\n

The stakes are high. The Nigeria Blindness and Vision Impairment Survey, 2021, estimates no fewer than 1.13 million Nigerians aged 40 and above are blind, while broader data from the World Health Organization, WHO, and the National Commission for Persons with Disabilities suggest that tens of millions of Nigerians live with some form of disability.<\/p>\n

As Nigeria moves rapidly toward a cash-light, digitally mediated economy, exclusion from payment systems increasingly translates into exclusion from everyday life. A 2025 Sightsavers Nigeria report further estimates that more than 4.25 million Nigerians are blind or visually impaired, based on field surveys and NGO assessments, many of whom now depend on digital financial services to survive in a shrinking cash economy.<\/p>\n

Technology accessibility expert at Access, Opeodu Akinola, said the barriers faced by PWDs are both physical and psychological. Speaking at the CADEF workshop, he advocated for the adoption of universal design principles.<\/p>\n

Akinola said, \u201cUniversal design gives PWDs equal access and opportunity. It also makes business sense. Inclusive services improve customer satisfaction, loyalty and revenue.\u201d<\/p>\n

Regulator, industry responses<\/h3>\n

From the regulatory side, Senior Manager at the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, Adeniyi Bunmi, acknowledged the urgency of addressing financial exclusion among PWDs.<\/p>\n

She said collaboration between disability groups and financial institutions is essential to achieving Nigeria\u2019s 95 percent financial inclusion target.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhile progress has been made, much more needs to be done,\u201d Bunmi said at CADEF workshop, noting that the Financial Inclusion Steering Committee, chaired by the CBN Governor, prioritises PWDs.<\/p>\n

The Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System, NIBSS, also reiterated its commitment to inclusivity.<\/p>\n

Lead, Operations at the NIBSS, Mrs. Ekeoma Chidi-Ugorji, said accessibility was prioritised from the early stages of Nigeria\u2019s digital identity and payment infrastructure design.<\/p>\n

She made the remark while responding to questions during a recent virtual workshop with the DPI 2025\/2026 Fellows.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen you look at our BVN enrolment process, NIBSS was one of the first institutions to recognise the need to accommodate people with impairments,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

According to her, a special BVN enrollment module allows persons who cannot provide full fingerprints to be enrolled using facial capture alone.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt removes the requirement for complete fingerprints, ensuring people with disabilities are not excluded,\u201d she explained.<\/p>\n

She added that while NIBSS does not directly interface with customers, it continues to promote accessibility standards, including voice-over functions, large-text modes and high-contrast interfaces.<\/p>\n

NIBSS has also deployed Soundbox devices that audibly announce transaction details.<\/p>\n

Chidi-Ugorji said: \u201cMerchants now hear, \u2018N10,000 received. This means a visually impaired person does not have to rely solely on visual confirmation.\u201d<\/p>\n

Also speaking, Head of Strategic & Research at NIBSS, Mr. Williams Uko, said innovation in disability-focused solutions is largely being driven by banks and fintechs.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat we do is create systems that innovators can build on,\u201d he said. \u201cIn the long run, the entire ecosystem benefits,\u201d Uko clarified during the NIBSS and DPI virtual workshop with the 2025\/2026 Fellows.<\/p>\n

Inclusion or illusion?<\/p>\n

Despite regulatory assurances and pilot interventions, progress remains fragmented.
For Freedom, the issue is simple.<\/p>\n

\u201cAccessibility is not charity,\u201d she said, \u201cIt is dignity, it is independence, and it is our right.\u201d
As Nigeria builds its DPI, and transitions to a cashless economy, the central question remains, will the payment pillar become a bridge to inclusion or a silent gatekeeper of exclusion?<\/p>\n

*This investigation was supported by the DPI Africa Journalism Fellowship Programme of the Media Foundation for West Africa and Co-Develop.<\/p>\n

The post How failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities<\/a> appeared first on Vanguard News<\/a>.<\/p>\n

, <\/p>\n

As Nigeria races towards a cashless economy, anchored on payment systems such as mobile money, banking applications, unstructured supplementary service data, USSD, codes and ATMs, a central pillar of its Digital Public Infrastructure, DPI, Nigerians living with disability, especially those who, are visually impaired are being left behind.<\/p>\n

The post How failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities<\/a> appeared first on Vanguard News<\/a>.<\/p>\n

, , Idowu Bankole, {authorlink},, , Vanguard News, January 1, 2026, 11:57 pm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities, As Nigeria races towards a cashless economy, anchored on payment systems such as mobile money, banking applications, unstructured supplementary service data, USSD, codes and ATMs, a central pillar of its Digital Public Infrastructure, DPI, Nigerians living with disability, especially those who, are visually impaired […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.vanguardngr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ATM.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1697,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-people-with-disabilities","category-technology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow failures in payment pillars, infrastructure, lock out people with disabilities - 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